(A + B)′ — Boolean simplification

coreDe Morgan; NOR expands to Ā·B̄

Answer

A′ · B′

Why this example is worth doing

The single most common error in first-year Boolean algebra is writing (A + B)′ = Ā + B̄. It is wrong on three of four rows, and the page shows exactly which. Negation does not distribute over OR; it swaps the operator as it passes through. The result Ā·B̄ is why a NOR gate is drawn as an AND gate with inverted inputs in the alternative IEEE symbol set, a connection the gate pages pick up and one that makes the law stick better than any amount of algebra.

Try your own input in the Boolean algebra simplifier. Simplify any expression to its minimal SOP and POS, one named law at a time.

How the answer is reached

Step by step

(A + B)′A′ · B′De Morgan — (A + B)' = A'·B'

Warning:

(A + B)′ simplifies to A′ · B′ in 1 step. That is a proven minimum (1 term, 2 literals), not a best effort. It is the only minimum-cost form.

Quine–McCluskey

Prime implicants — Quine–McCluskey
#Term
1A′ · B′
Minimum cover — Quine–McCluskey
#Cover
1A′ · B′
Warning:

1 term(s), 2 literal(s); 1 essential prime implicant(s).

Truth table

Truth table — columns #, A, B, F
#ABF
0001
1010
2100
3110

Compare with

Open this example in the Boolean algebra simplifier

The field arrives filled in with this example’s input.

Note:

Notation this page assumes

  • Symbols: · is AND, + is OR, ⊕ is XOR, a prime or an overline is NOT. The field also takes ∧ ∨ ¬ ~ ! & | and the words.
  • Operator precedence, tightest first: NOT, then AND (including juxtaposition), then XOR/XNOR, then NAND/NOR, then OR, then IMPLIES, then IFF.
  • In a minterm index the first variable is the most significant bit, so over [A, B, C] minterm 5 is A·B̄·C.

Sources

  • Boole, An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854)
  • Shannon, “A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits” (1938)