A·B + Ā·C + B·C + A·B·D — Boolean simplification

edge caseconsensus and absorption together; 2 terms

Answer

A′ · C + A · B

Why this example is worth doing

A four-variable expression built so that two different redundancies hide in it at once. B·C is the consensus of A·B and Ā·C and can be deleted; A·B·D is absorbed by A·B, since any row making A·B·D true already makes A·B true. Neither removal is visible from the term count alone, and D disappears from the answer entirely — a result students often assume must be a mistake. The derivation labels the two steps with different law names so it is clear they are different phenomena.

Try your own input in the Boolean algebra simplifier. Simplify any expression to its minimal SOP and POS, one named law at a time.

How the answer is reached

Step by step

A · B + A′ · C + B · C + A · B · DA · B + A′ · C + B · CAbsorption — A + A · B = A

A · B + A′ · C + B · CA · B + A′ · CConsensus — A · B + A′ · C + B · C = A · B + A′ · C

Warning:

A · B + A′ · C + B · C + A · B · D simplifies to A · B + A′ · C in 2 steps. That is a proven minimum (2 terms, 4 literals), not a best effort. It is the only minimum-cost form.

Quine–McCluskey

Prime implicants — Quine–McCluskey
#Term
1A′ · C
2B · C
3A · B
Minimum cover — Quine–McCluskey
#Cover
1A′ · C + A · B
Warning:

2 term(s), 4 literal(s); 2 essential prime implicant(s).

Truth table

Truth table — columns #, A, B, C, D, F
#ABCDF
000000
100010
200101
300111
401000
501010
601101
701111
810000
910010
1010100
1110110
1211001
1311011
1411101
1511111

Compare with

Open this example in the Boolean algebra simplifier

The field arrives filled in with this example’s input.

Note:

Notation this page assumes

  • Symbols: · is AND, + is OR, ⊕ is XOR, a prime or an overline is NOT. The field also takes ∧ ∨ ¬ ~ ! & | and the words.
  • Operator precedence, tightest first: NOT, then AND (including juxtaposition), then XOR/XNOR, then NAND/NOR, then OR, then IMPLIES, then IFF.
  • In a minterm index the first variable is the most significant bit, so over [A, B, C] minterm 5 is A·B̄·C.

Sources

  • Boole, An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854)
  • Shannon, “A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits” (1938)