Full adder, carry-out K-map — adders

corethe majority function, three terms

Answer

B · C + A · C + A · B

Why this example is worth doing

Mapping the carry-out column gives three overlapping pairs and a symmetric three-term answer — the majority function, true when at least two of the three inputs are. The page uses it as the site's showcase K-map because the groups overlap in a way that is obvious on the map and invisible in the algebra, and because the result is a named function a student will meet again in voting circuits and in carry-lookahead.

Try your own input in the Half adder & full adder. Truth tables, K-maps and circuits for both adders, and the ripple-carry chain.

How the answer is reached

Step by step

A · B + A · C + B · C is already a minimum sum-of-products form (3 terms, 6 literals), proved by Quine–McCluskey — no law can shorten it. It is the only minimum-cost form.

Warning:

A · B + A · C + B · C is already a minimum sum-of-products form (3 terms, 6 literals), proved by Quine–McCluskey — no law can shorten it. It is the only minimum-cost form.

Quine–McCluskey

Prime implicants — Quine–McCluskey
#Term
1B · C
2A · C
3A · B
Minimum cover — Quine–McCluskey
#Cover
1B · C + A · C + A · B
Warning:

3 term(s), 6 literal(s); 3 essential prime implicant(s).

Truth table

Truth table — columns #, A, B, C, F
#ABCF
00000
10010
20100
30111
41000
51011
61101
71111

Compare with

Open the Half adder & full adder

This input is entered in the tool itself — it is too rich for a link to carry.

Note:

Notation this page assumes

  • Symbols: · is AND, + is OR, ⊕ is XOR, a prime or an overline is NOT. The field also takes ∧ ∨ ¬ ~ ! & | and the words.
  • Operator precedence, tightest first: NOT, then AND (including juxtaposition), then XOR/XNOR, then NAND/NOR, then OR, then IMPLIES, then IFF.
  • Gate symbols follow whichever standard the header toggle is set to: ANSI/IEEE Std 91-1984 distinctive shapes, or IEC 60617-12 rectangles.

Sources

  • Shannon, “A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits” (1938)
  • ANSI/IEEE Std 91-1984, Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions