F(A,B,C,D,E) = Σm(0,1,4,5,16,17,21,25,29) — Quine–McCluskey

exam standard4 prime implicants, 3 essential

Answer

A′ · B′ · D′ + B′ · C′ · D′ + A · D′ · E

Why this example is worth doing

Five variables is where the tabular method starts to earn its place. A five-variable K-map is drawable — this site draws it — but adjacency across planes is easy to miss by eye, whereas the tabulation simply compares bit patterns and cannot overlook a pair. The page frames Quine–McCluskey as Quine's and McCluskey's answer to exactly that limitation, and notes that the algorithm's cost is exponential in the worst case, so the practical ceiling is a matter of arithmetic rather than eyesight.

Try your own input in the Quine–McCluskey solver. Minimise past the K-map limit with the full tabular method and Petrick’s step.

How the answer is reached

Quine–McCluskey

Prime implicants — Quine–McCluskey
#Term
1A′ · B′ · D′
2B′ · C′ · D′
3B′ · D′ · E
4A · D′ · E
Minimum cover — Quine–McCluskey
#Cover
1A′ · B′ · D′ + B′ · C′ · D′ + A · D′ · E
Warning:

3 term(s), 9 literal(s); 3 essential prime implicant(s).

Truth table

Truth table — columns #, A, B, C, D, E, F
#ABCDEF
0000001
1000011
2000100
3000110
4001001
5001011
6001100
7001110
8010000
9010010
10010100
11010110
12011000
13011010
14011100
15011110
16100001
17100011
18100100
19100110
20101000
21101011
22101100
23101110
24110000
25110011
26110100
27110110
28111000
29111011
30111100
31111110

Compare with

Open this example in the Quine–McCluskey solver

The field arrives filled in with this example’s input.

Note:

Notation this page assumes

  • Symbols: · is AND, + is OR, ⊕ is XOR, a prime or an overline is NOT. The field also takes ∧ ∨ ¬ ~ ! & | and the words.
  • Operator precedence, tightest first: NOT, then AND (including juxtaposition), then XOR/XNOR, then NAND/NOR, then OR, then IMPLIES, then IFF.
  • In a minterm index the first variable is the most significant bit, so over [A, B, C] minterm 5 is A·B̄·C.

Sources

  • Quine, “The Problem of Simplifying Truth Functions” (1952)
  • McCluskey, “Minimization of Boolean Functions” (1956)
  • Petrick, “A Direct Determination of the Irredundant Forms” (1956)